Clashes have forced more than 185,000 people to flee their homes in a contested border town in Somalia's breakaway region of Somaliland, the UN's emergency response agency said.

Somaliland, which has claimed independence from Somalia since 1991, but has never been recognised internationally, is often seen as a beacon of stability in a chaotic region.

Political unease, however, has surged in recent months, with deadly violence erupting last week between government forces and militias loyal to Somalia in the contested town of Las Anod.

In a statement released late Thursday, the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in Somalia said reports of heavy fighting were continuing to surface despite a declared ceasefire.

"More than 185,000 people have been displaced," it said, with aid workers struggling to respond to the situation due to inadequate resources.

According to OCHA, women and children accounted for an estimated 89 percent of the displaced population, with many reportedly seeking shelter under trees or inside schools, which have been forced to shut due to the violence.

OCHA said that officials at Las Anod General Hospital had reported 57 deaths, with 401 injured victims treated at four different hospitals.

The latest fighting broke out on February 6 in Las Anod, which is situated on a key trade corridor and is claimed by both Somaliland and neighbouring Puntland, a semi-autonomous state of northeastern Somalia.

The violence erupted after elders in the Sool region, where Las Anod is located, issued a statement pledging support for Somalia's federal government and urged Somaliland authorities to withdraw their soldiers from the area.

Somaliland authorities announced a ceasefire on February 10, but on Sunday accused Somalia of attacking its forces.

Mogadishu did not respond directly to the allegations.

On Friday, Somalia's Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre welcomed the ceasefire and called for "immediate access to humanitarian assistance".

"With thousands of people displaced, the need for emergency relief is more pressing now," he said on Twitter.

Control of Las Anod has changed hands several times in recent decades.

Somaliland, a region of 4.5 million people, is a former British protectorate.

It prints its own currency, issues its own passports and elects its own government but its quest for statehood has gone unrecognised, leaving it poor and isolated.

The region has been relatively stable in comparison to Somalia, which has witnessed decades of civil war and Islamist insurgency.